Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology of. It thrives on hot, dry conditions and has proved exceptionally difficult to control. Life cycle mated females live 47 days, while unmated females live from 2030 days. Its northern most range extends to the 35 parallel and to the equator to the south. Trogoderma granarium everts, is a global pest species of stored grain products. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, a serious pest of stored grains and other food products in india and elsewhere, has recently been found in 23 counties of california, arizona, and new mexico. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. This document is eeny372 originally published as dpi entomology circular 262, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology. Dermestidae, is a serious pest of grain and other stored products through the world. Borzoui, ehsan, bahram naseri, and foroogh rahimi namin. Trogoderma species, it is the most commonly found in dried grains and other stored foods but is also found in homes and museums.
The khapra beetle, trogoderma grananum everts, was first found established in california in 1953 and was subsequently detected in arizona and new. The state department of agriculture is conducting an eradication program against it in california. National khapra beetle survey, taxonomic, and specimen. Serious pest of stored wheat, groundnut and other grains, such as maize, rice, oat, jowar and occasionally pulses. Mexico, as well as in baja california, mexico, but has not been found in other states. It can be found in warehouses, mills, breweries and malt factories. Ali, abid, farooq ahmad, antonio biondi, yusha wang, and nicolas desneux. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts hilgardia. Trogoderma granarium troggaworld distribution eppo. The distribution and economic importance of each species are discussed. In its broadest sense, a pest is a competitor of humanity top ten pests. Different diets affecting biology, physiology and cold. A contribution to the ecology of trogoderma granaria everts.
Both adult and larva cause damage to the grains by chewing a hole and eating up kernel. Media in category trogoderma the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Morphometric analysis and reproductive system studies of. They can feed on products with as little as 2% moisture content and can develop on animal matter such as dead mice, dried blood and. Trogoderma print iconographia zoologica special collections university of amsterdam ubainv0274 001 03 0049. Dermestidae is a serious pest of stored grains and stored products groundnut, cotton, barley, rice, millet, sesame, sorghum, wheat, maize. The potential for introduction and establishment of exotic species threatens a wide range of agricultural interests in the united states.
Larvae also leave cast skin in the grains, reducing their marketability. It can infest a wide variety of products 1,2 and larvae can enter diapause and remain in that state for years when food resources are scarce. Trogoderma inclusum leconte, 1854 larger cabinet beetle taxonomic status. Dermestidae, is a serious pest of stored products and is the only stored product insect pest that triggers a quarantine response when it is found in the united states.
In connection with the suppression program in progress since 1955, an experimental culture of khapra beetle has been reared in. The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium everts is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. However, trogoderma granarium prefer grain and cereal products, particularly wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, rice, flour, malt and noodles. A pest is an animal which harms humans or human concerns. Distribution and establishment of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Insecticidal effects of some aqueous plant extracts on the. Trogoderma granarium is considered one of the world most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Even with the application of strict quarantine measures, these grain beetles still find their way into new countries and cause imposition of onerous restrictions on exports.
Accurate identification of trogoderma specimens trapped within stores of grain is critical to. Eggs and beetles oftrogoderma granaria proved highly resistant to extreme conditions of relative humidity. Dermestidae on ten diets barley, corn, millet, rice, rye, sorghum, triticale, wheat groundnut, and walnut were studied under laboratory conditions 33 1 c with 65 5% rh, 14l. A contribution to the genus trogoderma from madagascar coleoptera. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019. The warehouse beetle tends to be very active and can develop at a rapid rate. Infestations are difficult to control because of the insects ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and. The genus trogoderma contains some of the worlds most serious invasive pests of wheat and other stored grain products. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is a global pest species of stored grain products. Proceedings of the tenth international congress of entomology, vol. Synopsis of the economic species of trogoderma occurring in the united states with description of a new species coleoptera.
Biology and systematics of trogoderma species with special reference to morphological and molecular diagnostic techniques for identification of trogoderma pest species. Biology and systematics of trogoderma species with special. Trogoderma granarium georgia invasive species task force. Aphis factsheet plant protection and quarantine march 2012 restrictions on certain products imported from countries where khapra beetle is known to occur the u. Khapra beetle and associated host material are regulated by the usda under authority of 7 cfr 319. The khapra beetle, a major storedproduct and food pest in large swatches of asia and africa, has been listed as one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta. In this study, the effect of nine barley cultivars bahman,cb8410, fajr 30, makuyi, nosrat, yousof, a1, 18a1, and 19 a1 and a. Heliothis armigera,papilio demoleus, sitophilus oryzae, trogoderma granarium, callosobruchus chinensis. While khapra beetle is not known to occur in the u.
In connection with the suppression program in progress since 1955, an experimental culture of khapra beetle has. Khapra beetle at center for environmental and regulatory information systems. Lossescaused by khapra trogoderma granarium have been reported to range from 0. A theoretical evaluation of the potential range and importance of trogoderma granarium everts in north america col. Insects free fulltext bioassays and methodologies for. Article pdf available in pakistan journal of agricultural sciences 443. Trogoderma granarium will feed on most dried plant or animal matter. Pm100221 phosphine fumigation of stored products to control. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1 journal. Olfactory behavior and receptor potentials of the khapra.
Pest biology simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Documents about trogoderma granarium trogga number title download. Trogoderma granarium troggadocuments eppo global database. New insecticide treatment options would be beneficial for control programs for trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, in the united states. Nutritional physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Biology and taxonomy of the nearctic species of trogoderma. It is supposed to be a major pest of wheat in indian subcontinent and also in some of the western countries like usa, uk and germany. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. In its broadest sense, a pest is a competitor of humanity. Fungi are prominent in their list, and it is more usual to call.
The khapra beetle is one of the most notorious primary insect pests for stored grains 3. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle zoology for ias. In this research, effect of five host diets including barley, rice, rye, wheat and walnut was studied on some of biological traits, nutritional indices and digestive enzymatic activity of t. World distribution of trogoderma granarium trogga eppo global database. The oil analyzed by thin layer chromatography, the results of phytochemical analysis indicated that the. It can infest a wide variety of products 1, 2 and larvae can enter diapause and remain in that state for years when food resources are scarce 3. The larva is the most destructive life stage, as the adults only live. Biology, some physiological processes and cold hardiness of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium. Accurate identification of trogoderma specimens trapped within stores of.
In particular some oviposition and egg development were observed even at and close to 0% r. Evaluation of pyrethroid insecticides and insect growth. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology. Dermestidae, is known as one of the mostserious pests of grains in many parts of the world.
Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Study of damage caused by commonly occurring insect pests. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. The biology of the dermestid beetles trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma versicolor creutz. Trogoderma inclusum leconte, 1854 tsn 188484 french common names. Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with larvae.
Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. The biscuit beetle trogoderma granarium, also called cabinet beetle, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma versicolor creutz. The origin of insect is stated to be india and was first reported from punjab and haryana states. Animals, invertebrates insects beetles other beetles. According to the results, the insects reared on triticale had shortest development time. Factsheet trogoderma granarium everts, 1899 khapra beetle. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. Eeny372 khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta. Contents page key to larvae of nearctic species of trogoderma 3 descriptions and discussions of larvae of trogodei ma species 4 trogoderma granarium everts 4 trogoderma glabrum herbst 6 trogoderma irroratum reitter 7 trogoderma teukton beal 9 trogoderma inclusum leconte 11 trogoderma parahile beal h trogoderma sinistrum fall 15. Dermestidae, is a serious pest of grains and other stored food products athanassiou et al. Nutritional physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma.
Scientific research and essays effectiveness of using. Without the activities of insects, human life on earth would eventually be extinguished. Pdf molecular identification of trogoderma granarium. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1. On the basis of the antennal receptor potentials and the extent of attraction and copulation induced in unmated male khapra beetles, z and e14methyl8hexadecenal were recognized as the most important components of the pheromone system of femaletrogoderma granarium everts, and were named z and etrogodermal. Essential oils extracted from two medicinal plants peganum harmala and rhanterium epapposum native to the arabian peninsula specially saudi arabia, were evaluated for their larvicidal effects and emergence of khapra beetle trogoderma granarium adults. Insect pests cause damage to stored grain and processed products by reducing dry weight and nutritional value. Descriptions, biology, and notes on the identification oi.
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